WHITE AND GReY MATTER OF THE BRAIN
The Central Nervous System has two kind of tissues: White matter and Grey matter.
The Adolescent brain is going through the most dramatic changes it will ever go through.
The Adolescent brain is going through the most dramatic changes it will ever go through.
grey matter
Grey matter also known as substania grisea contains the bodies of the cell, axon terminals, dendrites, glial cells, and where all the synapses are.
grey matter involves different areas of the brain that are responsible for muscle control, seeing, hearing, sensory perception and decision making.
Grey matter declines greatly, particularly in the frontal cortex. This is where all the thinking happens, this is the brains processing center.
Grey matter does slow down during adolescence as well as the volume of grey matter. It occupies about 40 percent of our brains and takes in about 94 percent of oxygen.
grey matter involves different areas of the brain that are responsible for muscle control, seeing, hearing, sensory perception and decision making.
Grey matter declines greatly, particularly in the frontal cortex. This is where all the thinking happens, this is the brains processing center.
Grey matter does slow down during adolescence as well as the volume of grey matter. It occupies about 40 percent of our brains and takes in about 94 percent of oxygen.
white matter
White matter also known as substantia alba is a neuron that is made up of extending myelinated nerve fibers it helps axons to connect to different parts of the grey matter. White matter increases linearly during adolescence.
This allows nerve impulses to be transmitted more rapidly and help neurons synchronize their firing rate, thus while improving their information processing abilities.
The color White matter has is due to the protective wrapping around the axons by myelin. white matter is mostly found in the deeper tissues of the brain called subcortical.
White matter is fast when it comes to speed all thanks to the myelin sheaths. Plays a very pivotal role in the brain. transports information to different parts of the brain. whiter matter occupies 60 percent of the brain.
This allows nerve impulses to be transmitted more rapidly and help neurons synchronize their firing rate, thus while improving their information processing abilities.
The color White matter has is due to the protective wrapping around the axons by myelin. white matter is mostly found in the deeper tissues of the brain called subcortical.
White matter is fast when it comes to speed all thanks to the myelin sheaths. Plays a very pivotal role in the brain. transports information to different parts of the brain. whiter matter occupies 60 percent of the brain.
adolescence brain growth can be spilt into three proccesses
profilerationThe rapid growth of brain matter and formation
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pruningGetting rid of unused or unimportant connections.
Adolescents lose approximately 3% of their grey matter in the frontal lobes. |
myelinationConducting signals of brain pathways to make them stable and more faster.
useful connections are myelinated and the others are not wither slowly. Myelination on a neuron helps it operate more efficiently and smoothly. |
the key areas of the brain
the prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex of the brain is responsible for working memory, impulse control, reasoning, personality expression, and organizing moods this part of the brain doesn't develop until age 25. this area of the brain is prone to error and bad decisions. the prefrontal cortex is not as well connected compared to the other parts of the brain. the prefrontal cortex is the last region to develop due to the fact the development process of the brain starts from the back and makes its way up to the front. Since the prefrontal cortex is the last to develop adolescence use their amygdala to make decisions.
the unsteady development of the prefrontal coretx can cause:
Trouble holding back or controlling emotions
-Very poor planning and Judgement (Not thinking about the consequences)
-More risky and impulsive behavior (Sex and drugs play a big role)
-The developing Adolescence brain is more susceptible to damage
-Drugs and Alcohol can have harmful effects on the brain that can affect their overall health
-Very poor planning and Judgement (Not thinking about the consequences)
-More risky and impulsive behavior (Sex and drugs play a big role)
-The developing Adolescence brain is more susceptible to damage
-Drugs and Alcohol can have harmful effects on the brain that can affect their overall health
the amygdala
The amygdala is one of the most highly connected regions of the brain. the is where raw emotions take place.
The amygdala is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior, this area of the brain develops early on.
Any information received from the brain goes straight to the amygdala.
Holds emotional memory, tells us how we feel.
Adolescence are more reactive then reflective.
The amygdala is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior, this area of the brain develops early on.
Any information received from the brain goes straight to the amygdala.
Holds emotional memory, tells us how we feel.
Adolescence are more reactive then reflective.
THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON THE BRAINAdolescence's need much more sleep than we thought they did. Lack of sleep during adolescences can cause a number of problems to the brain. Sleep helps the brain helps the brain process certain information. It aids in memory, learning and emotion regulation. The prefrontal cortex shows less activity when your sleep deprived. -Mental Health Issues: For each hour of sleep that is lost theres a 38% increased risk of feeling hopeless or sad. A 58% increases risk of suicide attempts. Adolescences who only get six hours of sleep every night are three times likely to suffer from depression. "Sleep deprivation and depression go hand in hand among adolescences" says Mahmood Siddique, a sleep and medicine specialist from Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. -Problems with learning and behaving: About one in four teens go to bed after 11:30pm on weeknights, they tend to do very poor in school. their academic performances tend to decrease as well as their learning. they're usually the ones to experience emotional distress. Younger teens with less sleep are impulsive, hyperactive, inattentive. It shouldn't be a surprise to us that the less sleep adolescence get the worse they perform in school emotionally and physically. Lower Memory Rate: Loss in sleep lowers memory. Those who sleep more perform better during the learning process. less sleep causes the brain to hardly memorize. Poor Decision Making: Due to lack of focus and concentration, teens can make wrong decisions. They can hardly deicide what they want in life. Mood Swings: The brain releases many anti stress hormones during sleep. lack of sleep witch cause the brain not to release as much as the hormones which will effect their mood. If there isn't enough of those hormones getting released they will constantly be in a bad mood. |
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how drugs can effect the adolescent brain
Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes an individual to constantly seek out drugs despite the amount of haram it will cause them. However repetitive drug intakes will cause severe problems.
Adolescence is a period where new experiences, growth and exploration happens and one of the many ways they like to explore is through Drugs. They take these drugs to make themselves feel good which enables the body's natural way of producing dopamine, oxytocin serotonin, and endorphins.
these drugs attack your brain first before any other place in the body. Different drugs have different impacts on the brain.
Their brains are immature which makes them more prone to having a higher degree of destruction to their brain.
Adolescence on drugs harm their brains beyond repair. It can cause serious mental disorders in the near future along with irreversible damage to the nervous system.
The brain starts to shrink after multiple uses of drugs, this alarming because it impairs your learning process, impaired reasoning, memory problems, and many more others as well.
Adolescence is a period where new experiences, growth and exploration happens and one of the many ways they like to explore is through Drugs. They take these drugs to make themselves feel good which enables the body's natural way of producing dopamine, oxytocin serotonin, and endorphins.
these drugs attack your brain first before any other place in the body. Different drugs have different impacts on the brain.
Their brains are immature which makes them more prone to having a higher degree of destruction to their brain.
Adolescence on drugs harm their brains beyond repair. It can cause serious mental disorders in the near future along with irreversible damage to the nervous system.
The brain starts to shrink after multiple uses of drugs, this alarming because it impairs your learning process, impaired reasoning, memory problems, and many more others as well.
the EFFects:
-Lower IQ
-Memory loss and Impairment
-slow thinking and reaction time
-Higher dependency on the drug
-Individual has trouble performing normal tasks
-Mental Health Disorders
the common effects on the brain:
-Impulse control
-Judgment
-Planning
-Inability to retain information
-Judgment
-Planning
-Inability to retain information
how does your brain look like on drugs?
how different substances affect the brain
stimulants
They speed up the brain and all its functions. Can cause a increased amount of energy, faster breathing, more rapid heart beat, body temperature becomes higher.
depressants
slows down the brain and the body. Can cause decreased energy, slow breathing, slow heart beat, low body temperature.
hallucinogens
Impairs the brain and body's perception of reality. Causes delusional thoughts, bizarre motions, experience of smell, taste, sights and different sensations that are not actually there.